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Objective:To analyze the risk factors of postpartum type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in patients with family history of diabetes mellitus with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:From January 2017 to January 2019, 275 patients with GDM and family history of diabetes were selected. According to the occurrence of postpartum T2DM, the patients were divided into postpartum normal group (207 cases) and postpartum disease group (68 cases). The clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the independent risk factors of postpartum T2DM were analyzed by logistic regression, and a line chart prediction model was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the model. X-tile software was used to obtain the integral truncation value of the line graph model, and survival curve was drawn and internal verification was carried out.Results:Of 275 GDM patients, 68 had T2DM after delivery, with a incidence rate of 24.73%. There were significant differences between the two groups in age, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy, fasting blood glucose during pregnancy and glycosylated hemoglobin during pregnancy (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in pregnancy outcome between the two groups ( P>0.05). Age≥30 years, high pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain≥6 kg during pregnancy, fasting blood glucose>5.8 mmol/L during pregnancy, and glycosylated hemoglobin>5.2% during pregnancy were independent risk factors for postpartum T2DM in GDM patients with diabetes family history (all P<0.05). The nomogram model predicted that the C-index value of postpartum T2DM was 0.912 (95% CI: 0.854-0.960), and the area under the ROC curve was 0.799 (95% CI: 0.742-0.856), with good discrimination; The calibration curve indicated that the accuracy of the model was good. According to the integral cutoff value of the line chart model, the probability of postpartum T2DM in GDM patients with family history of diabetes was divided into three groups: low (≤67.24 points), medium (>67.24 points and ≤129.82 points) and high-risk groups. The incidence rate of postpartum T2DM were 13.71%, 29.29% and 59.62%, respectively, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Age≥30 years old, high pre-pregnancy BMI, pregnancy weight gain≥6 kg, pregnancy fasting blood glucose>5.8 mmol/L and pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin>5.2% were independent risk factors for postpartum T2DM in GDM patients with family history of diabetes.
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Objective@#This study aimed to find out the myopia rate and related ocular biological parameters of grade 1-3 students in Peixian, Xuzhou City, and to establish a cohort observation population, so as to provide baseline reference for control strategies for myopia and reduce the myopia rate.@*Methods@#A total of 1 952 students from two nine year schools in Peixian were selected by stratified cluster sampling in June 2020. Visual examination was administered by trained personnel using uniformly equipped instruments, including uncorrected visual acuity, diopter, intraocular pressure, axial length.@*Results@#The overall myopia rate of students from grade one to grade three in two schools in Peixian was 21.77%, and the myopia rate of girls (23.81%) was significantly higher than that of boys (20.16%). With the growth of age and grade, the myopia rate increased continuously, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=134.10, 144.30, P <0.05). The myopia rate of 6-year-old group was 8.87 %. The axial length of the left and right eyes of the myopic group was significantly higher than that of the non myopic group ( t = 411.95, 366.85, P <0.01), the intraocular pressure and mean corneal curvature of the left eye of the myopic group were higher than those of the nonmyopic group ( t =5.91, 10.22 , P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The baseline survey results show that the myopia rate of grade 1-3 in Peixian of Xuzhou City is low, but myopia has occurred in the 6-year-old group. With the growth of age and grade, the myopia rate continues to rise. So it is urgent to explore effective and feasible myopia prevention and control measures.
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Objective To study the changes of six sex hormones corresponding to the follicle growth during the normal menstrual cycle of Chinese women.Methods Thirty Chinese women with regular menstrual period and average age of (28.8±3.2) years were selected for the study by Peking Union Medical College Hospital in September,2010.Growth of follicles was monitored by using transvaginal sonography.Six sex hormones,including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hormone (LH),estradiol (E2),progesterone (P),testosterone (T),and prolactin (PRL) were measured by chemoluminescence immunoassay every day during a menstrual cycle.Nonparametric statistical analysis was used.ResultsMenstrual cycle of all the patients was in the range of 25 to 39 d,with mean of (29.5 ± 3.1) d.Length of follicular phase and luteal phase was 15.3 and 14.4 d,respectively.Number of days from antral follicle to emergence of dominant follicle,and from the latter to ovulation,was 6.2 and 8.9 d,respectively.Average diameter of preovulatory follicle was 19.33 mm.Both FSH and LH reached peak on the day before ovulation.P started to increase before ovulation and remained at a high plateau from 6th to 9th day after ovulation.Both PRL and T reached peak after ovulation,near the end of a menstrual cycle.Conclusions A small rise of LH and P emerges just 1 to 2 d before ovulation,indicating the maturing of follicle.PRL and T shows cyclic changes as follicle grows.Therefore,PRL and T levels should be measured in the early follicle phases in the clinical practice so that leading the impact of menstrual cycle minimal.
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AIM:To investigate the effect of a treatment proposal , which consisted of tongxinluo , atorvastatin and aspirin, on adventitial inflammation of early atherosclerosis in rabbit carotid artery .METHODS: The atherosclerotic model was established in the rabbits with silicone collar , which was positioned around the carotid arterial adventitia +high-cholesterol diet .New Zealand rabbits ( n =72 ) were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n=12 ): control group , model group, tongxinluo group, atorvastatin group, aspirin group, and three-drug combination group.The rabbits in control group were fed with common foodstuffs , and the rabbits in all the other groups were fixed the right carotid arteries with the silicone tube, and were fed with fatty foodstuffs .The rabbits in tongxinluo group , atorvastatin group and aspirin group were given the suspension of tongxinluo supermicropowder (0.3 g· kg-1· d-1), atorvastatin (2.5 mg· kg-1· d-1) and aspirin (12 mg· kg-1· d-1) respectively,and the rabbits in three-drug combination group were given the suspension of tongxinluo su-permicropowder (0.3 g· kg-1· d-1), atorvastatin (2.5 mg· kg-1· d-1) and aspirin (12 mg· kg -1· d-1) together. The rabbits in each group were fed with the corresponding medicines for 4 weeks .The tissue slices of carotid artery were observed under light microscope with HE staining .The change of blood lipid was detected by biochemical assay .The pro-tein levels of MCP-1, IL-1βand IL-10 in the carotid arterial adventitia were detected by ELISA .The immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the protein expression of IL-8 around the carotid arterial adventitia .RESULTS:Compared with control group, the contents of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly increased , and the content of IL-10 was significantly decreased in model group .The levels of TC , TG and LDL-C were significantly decreased in tongxinluo group and atorvasta-tin group compared with model group , no significant difference between tongxinluo group and atorvastatin group was ob -served.In the three-drug combination group, the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were lower than those in atorvastatin group and tongxinluo group .Compared with control group , the contents of MCP-1 and IL-1βwere significantly increased , and the content of IL-10 was significantly decreased in model group .Compared with model group , the contents of MCP-1 and IL-1βwere decreased in tongxinluo group , atorvastatin group and aspirin group , no significant difference between the 3 groups was observed.The content of IL-10 was decreased in three-drug combination group , and the contents of TC , TG and LDL-C were lower than those in tongxinluo group , atorvastatin group and aspirin group .The content of IL-8 was decreased in tongxinluo group , atorvastatin group , aspirin group and three-drug combination group .CONCLUSION: The strategy of three-drug combination enhances the effect of regulating the lipid metabolism and inhibiting the adventitia inflammation .It plays an important role to intervene in the process of atherosclerosis .